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With the trial

The trial is the one of the methods of settlement of the social dispute, and it is characteristic to let you solve a dispute by letting the dispute person concerned follow the judgment of the third person having a certain constant authority. In the constitutional state where modern separation of threes powers of administration was formed, a court of law (a court of law in the code of procedure) performs it about the case of suit others backed by the national judicial power with the trial.

"The trial" tends in legal procedure in itself performed at a court of law, but, for a term in the code of procedure, a court of law follows the legal form and, for a term, says by judgment (an act in the procedure or to display the judgment) to show it in for the person concerned every day. As well as a civil action case / a criminal action case, the judgment of the court of law is displayed in a form called the court in the noncontentious cases such as the civil affair execution, civil affair maintenance, the bankruptcy.

裁判とは

裁判(さいばん)とは、社会紛争の解決手段の一つであり、ある一定の権威を持つ第三者の判断に紛争当事者を従わせることにより紛争を解決させることに特徴がある。現代の三権分立が成立した法治国家において、裁判とは、国家の司法権を背景に、裁判所(訴訟法上の裁判所)が訴訟その他の事件に関して行うものである。

日常用語としては、裁判所で行われる訴訟手続自体を「裁判」ということが多いが、訴訟法上の用語としては、裁判所が、法定の形式に従い、当事者に対して示す判断(又はその判断を表示する手続上の行為)をいう。民事訴訟事件・刑事訴訟事件に限らず、民事執行、民事保全、破産等の非訟事件においても、裁判所の判断は裁判という形式で表示される。

A judge

A person in the government official which the judge uses the judicial power and tries.
The bench palm is decided depending on the suit legislation of each country, and it depends to place a judge as a person presiding over trial in the court, and there is it because a judge is not in charge about a finding in the countries adopting jury system when I am proper.

There were a crime and the dispute that were more various than ancient times, and some society was made, and, as for 以降, the dispute solution system was necessary.

The concrete aspects are unidentified without they are old, and the records being left about the social structure. Various dispute solution methods are taken every tribe / race and cannot understand uniformly. The possibility that "the decision of a person having power in a group" or "a divinity trial" were performed is mainly pointed out. The people who told a man of power and the oracle that it decided played a role as the judge.

As political system / rule mechanism was set, it was assumed that the men of power such as people of King / feudal lord / religion performed the trial, and those people, the person that there was not, doing it received the trust came to generally perform the trial person.

裁判官

裁判官は司法権を行使して裁判を行う官職にある者。
各国の訴訟法制に応じて裁判官の職掌は定まり、陪審制を採用している国などでは事実認定について裁判官が担当しないことがあることから、裁判官を法廷における審理を主宰する者として位置づけることがより妥当な場合もある。

古来より、さまざまな犯罪や係争が存在し、ある程度の社会が作られて以降はその紛争解決制度が必要となった。

古くは、社会構造については記録なども残されておらず、具体的な様相なども不明である。部族・民族ごとにさまざまな紛争解決方式が取られており、一律に理解することもできない。主として、「集団の中で権力を持つ者の裁定」や「神権裁判」などが行われた可能性が指摘されている。裁定を行う権力者や神託を告げる者などが裁判官の役割を果たした。

政治体制・統治機構が整うにつれ、一般的に、裁判は、王・領主・宗教者などの権力者が行うものとされ、裁判人もそれらの者、ないしはその委託を受けた者が行うようになった。

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』


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